Prevalence of Age-Related Maculopathy and Age-Related Macular Degeneration among the Inuit in Greenland: The Greenland Inuit Eye Study
Received 26 January 2007; received in revised form 12 November 2007; accepted 12 December 2007. published online 13 February 2008.
Purpose
To examine the age- and gender-specific prevalence and describe the common phenotype of early age-related maculopathy (ARM) and late-stage age-related macular degeneration (AMD) among the Inuit in Greenland.
Design
Population-based cross-sectional study.
Participants
All ≥60-year-olds born in Greenland and living in the communities of Nuuk and Sisimiut, Greenland.
Methods
The presence and form of early (ARM) and late age-related macular disease (AMD) were determined by grading color fundus photographs using the international classification and grading system for ARM and AMD.
Main Outcome Measures
Prevalences of ARM and AMD were assessed by masked grading of fundus photographs.
Results
Overall, 695 persons were included in the study (response rate, 74.8%). Prevalence of any ARM was 52.3%. Age-related maculopathy was present in the worse eye in 50.0%, 58.8%, and 44.7% of age groups 60 to 69, 70 to 79, and ≥80, respectively. Prevalence of any AMD was 9.5%. Any AMD was present in the worse eye in 3.9%, 14.6%, and 43.2% of age groups 60 to 69, 70 to 79, and ≥80. Prevalences of pure geographic atrophy (GA) in one or both eyes, exudative degeneration in one or both eyes, and GA in one eye and exudative degeneration in the other eye were 2.3%, 6.1%, and 1.1%, respectively.
Conclusions
The prevalence of ARM is higher than in most other populations studied, and the prevalence of AMD in the oldest age group is higher than in most other populations studied. The prevalence of exudative degeneration is higher than the prevalence of GA, in contrast to findings in some of the Nordic countries—particularly Iceland—and earlier observations in Greenland.
Available online: February 11, 2008.
1Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
2National Eye Clinic for the Visually Impaired, Hellerup, Denmark.
3Eye Pathology Section, Institute for Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
4Department of Ophthalmology, Glostrup University Hospital and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Correspondence and reprint requests to Nis Andersen, MD, PhD, Associate Professor of Ophthalmology, Head of the Medical Retina Clinic, Department of Ophthalmology E 2061, University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, 9 Blegdamsvej, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
Manuscript no. 2007-124.
Supported by grants from the Danish Eye Research Foundation, Copenhagen, Denmark; Danish Velux Foundation of 1981, Copenhagen, Denmark; and Danish Eye Health Society, Copenhagen, Denmark.
ABSTRACT