Diplopia, Blepharoptosis, and Ophthalmoplegia and 3-Hydroxy-3-Methyl-Glutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitor Use
Received 17 April 2008; received in revised form 2 July 2008; accepted 1 August 2008. published online 20 October 2008.
Purpose
To report the association between 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (statins) and diplopia, blepharoptosis (ptosis), and ophthalmoplegia.
Design
Database study.
Participants
Two hundred fifty-six subjects studied.
Methods
Spontaneous reports from the National Registry of Drug-Induced Ocular Side Effects, the World Health Organization (WHO), and the Food and Drug Administration were collected on statins and ptosis, diplopia, and ophthalmoplegia.
Main Outcome Measures
Data garnered from the spontaneous reports include the type of statin, age, gender, adverse drug reaction (ADR), dosage, duration of therapy until onset of ADR, concomitant drugs, other systemic disease, and dechallenge and rechallenge data.
Results
Two hundred fifty-six case reports of ptosis, diplopia, and ophthalmoplegia associated with statins were reported, including 143 males, 91 females, and 22 case reports where the gender was not specified. The average age was 64.5±10 years. Dosage varied between the different statin drugs, with the average dosage within the range recommended in the package insert for each different statin. Average time from beginning of therapy to appearance of the ADR was 8.3±1.5 months (range, 1 day–84 months). Seven patients were taking 2 statin drugs and 5 also were taking gemfibrozil. Nine patients had diabetes mellitus. A total of 23 case reports described total ophthalmoplegia. Ptosis was reported alone 8 times and in conjunction with diplopia 18 times. There were 62 positive dechallenge and 14 positive rechallenge case reports.
Conclusions
According to WHO criteria, the relationship between statin therapy and diplopia, ptosis, or ophthalmoplegia is possible. This causality assessment is based on the time relationship of drug administration and ADR development, the multiple positive dechallenge and rechallenge reports, and the plausible mechanism by which diplopia, ptosis, or ophthalmoplegia may occur: myositis of the extraocular muscles, the levator palpebrae superioris muscles, or both.
Financial Disclosure(s)
Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found after the references.
Available online: October 18, 2008.
Casey Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
Correspondence: F. W. Fraunfelder, MD, Casey Eye Institute Cornea Service, 3375 SW Terwilliger Boulevard, Portland, OR 97239-4197
Manuscript no. 2008-442.
Financial Disclosure(s): The author(s) have made the following disclosure(s): F. W. Fraunfelder - Consultant - Eli Lilly and Alcon
The authors have no proprietary interest in the materials discussed herein.
Supported in part by an unrestricted grant to Casey Eye Institute from Research to Prevent Blindness, Inc., New York, New York.
ABSTRACT